Translation based

''Questions concerning the symmetry or asymmetry of relations or interactions as well as those concerning the linguistic means of describing them are not only of interest for linguistics, but also for many social sciences, for philosophy (ethics) and even evolutionary biology. Basic ethical principles can be expressed in terms of reciprocity and major aspects of social structure can be described in terms of solving problems of interaction in a symmetric or asymmetric fashion.

"Information structure is concerned both with ‘mental states’ of speakers and hearers and with linguistic means used to convey these mental states. In other words, the linguist interested in information structure (IS), deals simultaneously with formal and communicative aspects of language. The main contrasts concern ‘new’, ‘accessible’ and ‘given’, as well as ‘topic’, focus,’ and ‘background’". (Skopeteas et al., 2006: 1)

It was developed to examine strategies for causativizing and decausativizing. For further discussion, see: Nichols, Johanna, David Peterson, and Jonathan Barnes. 2004. Transitivizing and detransitivizing languages. Linguistic Typology 8:149–211.

" Our aim is to collect relevant, quality information about each subject language included in the database. In order to accomplish this we will rely not only on your knowledge of the subject language, but also on your skills as a linguist. " (Dimitriadis and Everaert, 2002 : 1)

"The author has written a book aimed at guiding field work on Indian languages, given in the 'bibliographical references of the questionnaire' section.[...] [Its] appendix [gathers] useful questionnaires for South Asian languages and for other languages as well". (From the Typological tools for field linguistics website, https://www.eva.mpg.de/lingua/tools-at-lingboard/questionnaire/indian-la...)

These three questionnaires were designed for the Eurotyp project (2000).

''This questionnaire was developed in the early 1990s for the study of concessive conditional clauses (adverbial clauses introduced by 'even if', 'whether...or', or 'wh-ever') in European languages. [...] Some of the results were published in the following paper:

"A non-combined (or prototypical) converb may be defined (a) positively - as a verb form semantically related to another verb form, and (b) negatively - as a verb form which does not occur in the position (1) of the predicate of a simple non-elliptical sentence, (2) of the attribute to a noun, (3) of the complement in complement (object) clauses, (4) of the subject. In the above mentioned four positions the following verb forms occur: (1) a finite form, (2) a participle, (3) an infinitive, (4) a gerund.

The questionnaire was developed for the Eurotyp project.

"This questionnaire is meant to supplement Comrie and Smith's (1977: 21—24) questionnaire concerned with semantic reflexivity and reciproc- ity, two of the meanings frequently rendered by RVs across languages. Our concern is with reflexive markers (RMs), their range of functions, existence and non-existence of particular RV types, the universal and language-specific properties of RV systems and existing RV types, and also with rivalling strategies used to express the meanings that can be rendered by RVs."  (Geniusiené, 1987: 361).